Linux Cheat Sheet

Linux Cheat Sheet Commands

 

In this page, you will find Basic Linux Commands and important ones in the title of Linux Cheat Sheet Commands. As you know Linux is widely used in Networking World. Network Engineers and system Administrators uses this important operation system commands a lot in their Daily routine or critical operation activities. So, I have created this Linux Cheat Sheet for you to use it during your network or system management activities. Anymore,  you do not search any Linux command on internet. Because you will find what you need on Linux Cheat Sheet Commands. With this Linux command line cheat sheet, you will be faster on your configuration activities like other cheat sheets like Protocol Cheat Sheets, Python Cheat Sheet etc.

 

You can downlod Linux Cheat Sheet Commands in pdf format and use anywehere you need offline. You can also visit ipcisco.com and use these commands here online.

 

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System Information Commands

uname -a shows Linux system info
uname -r shows kernel release info
cat /etc/redhat-release shows installed redhat version
uptime displays system running/life time
hostname shows system host name
hostname -I shows ip addresses of the host
last reboot displays system reboot history
date displays current date and time
cal displays monthly calendar
mount shows mounted filesy­stems

File Commands

ls -l lists files detailly (file type, user, permission etc)
ls -lh lists files detailly with human readable format
ls -al lists files detailly with hidden files
pwd shows present directory
mkdir directory creates a directory
rm xyz deletes file xyz
rm -r /xyz deletes directory /xyz and its contents recursively
rm -f abc forcefully deletes abc file without confirmation
rm -rf /xyz forcefully deletes directory /xyz recursively
cp aaa bbb copies aaa file to bbb file
cp -r /xxx /yyy copies /xxx directıry to /yyy directory
mv aaa bbb renames or moves file aaa to file bbb
touch abc creates an empty file named abc
cat abc used to view file abc
less abc browse through a text file abc
head abc displays first 10 lines of file abc
tail abc displays last 10 lines of file abc
tail -f abc displays last 10 lines of file abc and follow it as it grows
tail -F abc outputs last lines of abc as it changes
file abc gets type of abc
gpg -c abc encrypts file abc
gpg abc decrypts file abc
gpg abc decrypts file abc
gpg abc decrypts file abc
dir shows files in the current directory
put abc uploads file ‘abc’ from local to remote device
get file downloads file ‘abc’ from remote to local device

ls Options

-a display hidden files
-R recursive list
-r reverse order
-t sort by last modified
-S sort by file size
-l long listing format
-1 one file per line
-m comma-­sep­arated output
-Q quoted output

Process Management Commands

ps displays currently running processes
ps PID gives the status of a particular process
pidof gives the process ID of a process
ps -ef displays all running processes on the system
ps -ef | grep xyz displays process information for xyz
top displays and manages the top processes
htop interactive process viewer (top alternative)
kill pid kills process with process ID of pid
pkill xyz kills process with name xyz
killall abc kills all processes named abc
program & starts program in the background
bg lists and resumes stopped jobs in the background
fg brings the most recent background job to foreground.
fg x brings job x to the foreground
nice starts a process with a given priority
renice changes priority of an already running process
pstree displays processes in a tree-like diagram
pmap displays a memory usage map of processes
lsof lists files opened by running processes

Networking Commands

arp displays ARP table of the device
arpwatch displays ethernet activity and Ethernet/ip pairings
bmon displays bandwidth, captures
curl used for for file transfer
dhclient used to analyze clients ip address, subnet mask, gateway, dns server
dig used for simple DNS lookup
dstat collects and shows system resources
ethtool used to check settings of your NIC
ftp used for for file transfer
host use dfor DNS lookup
hping3 used for packet analyze
ifconfig used to monitor and configure network interfaces
ip address used to check network interfaces and routing activities
iptables used for ip packet filtering
iftop displays current bandwidth usage
ifup enables interfaces
ifdown disables interfaces
iwconfig used to monitor and configure wireless interfaces
nload used as bandwidth monitoring tool
nmap used for security audits
nslookup used also for DNS query
ip route routing table management
netstat to check network connections
route displays and manipulate IP routing table
ping used to check reachability
sftp secured file transfer
ss gives detailed information about the sockets
ssh used for secure connection
scp secured file transfer
tcpdump used for analyzing and capturing
telnet used for classical unsecure connection
tshark used for packet analyze
tshark analyzing and capturing
traceroute used for path tracking
w shows who is logged in and what they do
wget used to download the content of the web servers
whois checks the whois database and return with IP and Domain info

Help Commands

command -h / command –help to review all available options of the “command”
info command to find info documents about the “command”
whatis command displays a single line description about the”command”
$ man UNIXCOMMAND to view detailed man page of the “command”
apropos used to search man pages for available commands on a specific functionality.

User Information Commands

id shows user&group ids of the current user
last shows the last users logged on
whoami shows who you are logged in as
who shows who is logged into the system
w shows who is logged in and what they do
groupadd test creates group “test”
useradd -c “GK” -m Gokhan creates “Gokhan” account with comment “GK”
userdel Gokhan deletes account “Gokhan”
usermod -aG Networkers Gokhan adds account “Gokhan” to the “Networkers” group

File Permissions

chown user changes ownership of a file/directory
chown user:group filename changes user and group for a file or directory
File Permissions r (read) permission, 4
w (write) permission, 2
x (execute) permission, 1
-= no permission
File Owner owner/group/everyone
File Permissions Examples 777 | Owner, Group, Everyone has rwx permissions

744 | Owner has rwx permission, Group, Everyone has r permission

755 | Owner has rwx permission, Group, Everyone has rx permissions

776 | Owner, Group has rwx permission, Everyone has rw permissions

Search Commands

grep x file searches for x in file
grep -i case insens­itive search
grep -r recursive search
grep -v inverted search
grep -o shows only matched part of the file
find /dir/ -name aaa* finds files starting with aaa in dir
find /dir/ -user Gokhan finds files owned by Gokhan in dir
find /dir/ -mmin 10 finds files modifed less than 10 minutes ago in dir
find /home -size +500M finds files larger than 500MB in /xyz
find [/folder/location] -name [x] finds file names starting with character x
whereis aaa locates the binary, source, and manual page of aaa
locate abc finds the location of abc quickly

File Transfer Commands

scp file.txt server:/tmp secure copy file.txt to the /tmp folder on server
scp server:/var/www/*.html /tmp secure copy *.html files in /var/www/ directory on server to the local /tmp folder
scp -r server:/var/www /tmp secure copy all files and directories recursively from server to the current system’s /tmp folder.
rsync -a /home /backups/ synchronize /home to /backups/
rsync -avz /home server:/backups/ Synchronize files/directories between the local and remote system with compression enabled

Disk Usage Commands

df shows file system disk usage
du shows disk usage for specific directories
du -a shows disk usage for all the files
du -s shows used total disk space
free shows free and used memory on the system
fdisk used to manipulate disk partition table
fdisk -l used to list disc partition table
sfdisk used to manipulate disk partition table with more features
cfdisk linux partition editor with an interactive user interface
findmnt lists all mounted file systems
mount  mounts a filesystem
parted lists and modifies partitions
parted -l lists the partition details
lsblk lists all the storage blocks including partitions
blkid prints the block device partitions and storage media

Compress and Decompress Commands

gzip abc compresses abc file using gzip.
bzip2 abc compresses abc file using bzip2.
zip abc.zip abc compresses abc file into the archive abc.zip.
tar -czvf archive.tar.gz /home/temp2/ compresses a full directory with all subdirectories
gzip -d xyz.gz extracts xyz.gz with gzip utility
gunzip xyz.gz extracts xyz.gz with gzip utility
bzip2 -d file.php.bz2 extracts xyz.gz with bzip2 utility
bunzip2 file.php.bz2 extracts xyz.gz with bzip2 utility
unzip xyz.zip extracts xyz.zip with zip utility
gunzip -c output.txt.gz to view the contents of both files without extracting
tar cf archive.tar directory creates tar named archive.tar containing directory
tar xf archive.tar extracts the contents from archive.tar
tar czf archive.tar.gz directory creates a gzip compressed tar file name archive.tar.gz
tar xzf archive.tar.gz extracts a gzip compressed tar file
tar cjf archive.tar.bz2 directory creates a tar file with bzip2 compression
tar xjf archive.tar.bz2 extracts a bzip2 compressed tar file

Install Commands

yum search keyword compresses abc file using gzip.
yum install abc installs abc package
yum info abc displays description and summary info about abc package
rpm -i abc.rpm installs package from local file named abc.rpm
yum remove abc Remove/uninstall abc package
yum list installedl lists all installed packages with yum
yum search [keyword] finds a package by a related keyword
yum info [package_name] shows package information and summary
yum install [package_name.rpm] installs a package using the YUM package manager
dnf install [package_name.rpm] installs a package using the DNF package manager
apt-get install [package_name] installs a package using the APT package manager
rpm -i  [package_name.rpm] installs an .rpm package from a local file
rpm -e [package_name.rpm] removes an .rpm package

Hardware Information Commands

dmesg displays messages in kernel ring buffer
cat /proc/cpuinfo displays CPU information
cat /proc/meminfo displays memory information
lspci -tv displays PCI devices
lsusb -tv displays USB devices
dmidecode displays DMI/SMBIOS from BIOS
hdparm -i /dev/sda displays info about disk sda
hdparm -tT /dev/sda performs a read speed test on disk sda
badblocks -s /dev/sda tests for unreadable blocks on disk sda
linux-cheat-sheet-ipcisco

What is Linux?

 

Linux is the most important operating system in Networking World. Many Network Engineers, Network Administrators and Network Technicians use Linux in different areas of Computer Networking.  They use different commands of Linux everyday. But sometimes, some commands can be forgotten. To overcome this issue, I have created a Linux Cheat Sheet for you! In this page, you will find Linux Cheat Sheet Commands.

 

 

Is Linux an Operating System?

 

Because of the fact that there are many versions, “is Linux a Opearing Sytem?” quesiton is very common. The answer is certainly Yes! Linux is an Open source Unix ilke Operating System. It is based on Linux Kernel. This Linux kernel was firstly released by Linus Torvalds at 17 September 1991. There are different distributions of Linux, some of these are:

 

  • Red Hat
  • Ubuntu
  • Fedora
  • Debian
  • Suse etc.

 

All these Linux versions uses the same Linux commands and all the Basic Linux commands are similar in these Operating Systems. Linux find command, Linux delete command, Linux add user, Linuc copy file, Linux password change, Linux unzip etc. All these commands are similar in these versions. So, you can use Linux Cheat Sheet Commands on all these Linux distributions. In other words, you can benefit Linux command line cheat sheet on Red Hat, Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, Suse etc.

 

Basic Linux Commands

 

There are thousands of commands in Linux. But some of these Linux commands are used very often. We can say these Linux commands, Basic Linux commands. So, what are the Linux Basic Commands? These basic commands are the ones, that Network engineers, System Administrators use almost everyday or very often. Some of the jobs used with these commands are given below:

 

  • linux remove directory
  • linux delete directory
  • linux delete file
  • Linux password change
  • Linux unzip
  • linux copy directory
  • linux add user to gorup
  • linux add user
  • linux copy file
  • linux list users
  • linux search file etc.
  • linux user list
  • linux traceroute
  • linux grep
  • linux create user
  • linux create file
  • linux move file etc.

 

So, in this Linux Cheat Sheet, you can find all these Basic Linux Commands beside the other important Linux Commands. So, Linux Cheat Sheets Commands will help you both on your daily routine system administration activities  and other operational activities.

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Linux Cheat Sheet Commands pdf

 

As the other Cheat Sheets on IPCisco.com, you can also download Linux cheat sheet commands in pdf format. You can both check these Linux commands onthis page and you can download to use offline in any other platform. So, Linux Cheat Sheet pdf is for you. YOu can use it and share with your friends to use also on their Linux activities.

 

If You Like, Kindly Share

 

If you find this page useful for your Linux works and if you like it, kindly share this page with your friends, with your colleagues, with your social media followers etc. Whoever you share this knowledge, this will help us to develop better cheat sheets.

 

You can share this page in your social media accounts like facebook, linkedin, twitter etc., in related network and programming forums, in your blogs, in any of your accounts. If you share this page, this page will help another network, programming fan and it eases his/her work. So, if you would like to help others, kindly share this page.

 

Do not forget, Knowledge Increases by Sharing.

 

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