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Python Cheat Sheet

Python Basics Cheat Sheet

Python is one of the most popular programming languages in networking World. Almost all network engineers learn and use this programming language in their daily works. Because of the fact that there are many details in Python as in all programming languages, sometimes we can forget a basic command or a general concept, usage. Python Cheat Sheet has created to overcome this case and aims to remind you the missing points of this awesome network programming language. Basic Python Codes Cheat Sheet is like other sheets like CLI Command Cheat Sheet, Linux Commands Cheat Sheet etc.

python-cheat-sheet-ipcisco.com

Hello World!

print Hello World! 
print("Hello World!")
print with a variable 
x= "Hello World!"
print(x)

Output:

Hello World!

Python Variables

local scope contains inside of a function

example: x, y

def newfunc():
  x = 5
  y = 10
  print(x+y)

newfunc()
global scope contains all python code

examle: z

z = 50
def myfunc():
  x = 300

myfunc()
print(x+z)
printing variables 
a = 5
b = "John"
abc = {1,2,3,4,5}
mylist = ["x","yy","zzz"]

print(a)
print(b)
print(abc)
print(mylist)

Output:

5
John
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
['x', 'yy', 'zzz']
variable class 
a = 5
b = "Cisco"
abc = {1,2,3,4,5}
mylist = ["router","switch","firewall"]

print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(abc))
print(type(mylist))

Output:

<class 'int'>
<class 'str'>
<class 'set'>
<class 'list'>

Python Lists

number list 
numbers = [1,10,8,3,15]
string list 
cars = ["Porche", "Aston Martin", "Ferrari"]
list length 
cars = ["Porche", "Aston Martin", "Ferrari"]
length = len(cars)
print(length)

Output:

3
adding item 
elves = ["Legolas", "Elrond"]
elves.append("Arwen")
print(elves)

Output:

["Legolas", "Elrond", "Arwen"]
removing item 
list = [6, 15, 24, 36, 55]
list.remove(24)
print(list)

Output:

[6, 15, 36, 55]
sorting list 
list = [85, 9, 3, 15, 75, 23]
list.sort()
print(list)

Output:

[3,9,15,23,75,85]
reverse sort 
list = [85, 9, 3, 15, 75, 23]
list.sort(reverse=True)
print(list)

Output:

[85,75,23,15,9,3]
pop item 
numbers = [14,26,45,76,95]
numbers.pop(3)
print(numbers)

Output:

[14, 26, 45, 95]
reverse list 
numbers = [1,2,3,4,5]
numbers.reverse()
print(numbers)

Output:

[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
comprehension 
list1 = ["152", "4", "98", "169", "16"]
list2 = [x for x in list1 if "9" in x]
print(list2)

Output:

['98', '169']
finding Index 
numbers = [5,9,45,7,126,4]
x = numbers.index(45)
print(x)

Output: 

2

Python Tuples

number tuple 
tuple1 = (1, 2, 3)
string tuple 
tuple2 = ("John", "Elena", "Albert")
finding tuple member 
tuple1 = ("John", "Elena", "Albert")
print(tuple1[1])

Output:

Elena
printing tuple isle 
tuple1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
print(tuple1[2:4])

Output:

(3, 4)
Counting members 
numbers = (10,15,24,10,29,34,45,10)
x = numbers.count(10)
print(x)

Output:

3
Tuple length 
numbers = (10,15,24,10,29,34,45,10)
x =len(numbers)
print(x)

Output:

8
Couting an item 
numbers = (10,5,14,25,38,10,62,47,10)
x = numbers.count(10)
print(x)

Output:

3
for loop with tuple 
cars = ("bmw", "audi", "volvo", "mercedes")
for x in cars:
	print(x)

Output:

bmw
audi
volvo
mercedes

Python Sets

string set 
dwarves = {"Thorin", "Balin", "Dwalin"}
number set 
numbers={23,5,2,14,32,18,45}
mixed set 
items={True, 5, 2.7, "Gimli", False, 34}
union set 
dwarves1 = {"Thorin", "Balin", "Dwalin"}
dwarves2 = {"Gimli", "Bofur", "Thorin"}
print(dwarves1 | dwarves2)

Output:

{'Balin', 'Dwalin', 'Bofur', 'Thorin', 'Gimli'}
adding item 
dwarves = {"Thorin", "Balin", "Dwalin"}
dwarves.add("Gimli")
print(dwarves)

Output:

{'Balin', 'Gimli', 'Thorin', 'Dwalin'}
removing item 
dwarves = {"Thorin", "Balin", "Dwalin"}
dwarves.remove("Thorin")
print(dwarves)

Output:

{'Balin', 'Dwalin'}
clear set 
dwarves = {"Thorin", "Balin", "Dwalin"}
dwarves.clear()
print(dwarves)

Output:

set()
finding difference 
dwarves1 = {"Thorin", "Balin", "Dwalin"}
dwarves2 = {"Gimli", "Balin", "Thorin"}
dwarves3 = dwarves1.difference(dwarves2)
print(dwarves3)

Output: 

{'Dwalin'}

If Statements

if statement 
if (condition):
	body
If, else statement 
if (condition):
	body
else:
	body
if, elif,else statement 
if (condition)
	body
elif (condition):
	body
else: 
	body
finding even/odd 
x = 5
if (x % 2 == 0):
	print("x is an even number")
else:
	print("x is an odd number")

Output:

x is an odd number
continue statement 
numbers=(5,12,25,33,48,50,61)
for x in numbers:
	if x % 5 ==0:
		print("{} divided by five.".format(x))
	else:
		continue

Output:

5 divided by five.
25 divided by five.
50 divided by five.
nested if 
numbers=(30,44,54,63,78,96)
for x in numbers:
	if x % 3 == 0:
		if x % 9 == 0:
			print ("{} divided 3&9".format(x))

Output:

54 divided 3&9
63 divided 3&9
if, elif,else 
x = 10
if x > 10:
	print("greater")
elif x < 10:
	print("smaller")
else:
	print("equal")

Output:

equal
if, elif,else with list 
list1=[30, 21, 11, 16, 82, 47, 28, 79]
for x in list1:
	if x < 21:
		print("{} is smaller than 21.".format(x))
	elif x > 21:
		print("{} is greater than 21.".format(x))
	else :
		print("{} is equal to 21.".format(x))

Output:

30 is greater than 21.
21 is equal to 21.
11 is smaller than 21.
16 is smaller than 21.
82 is greater than 21.
47 is greater than 21.
28 is greater than 21.
79 is greater than 21.

Python While Loop

python while loop 
while statement:
	body
printing numbers 
x = 0
while x < 5:
  print(x)
  x += 1

Output:

0
1
2
3
4
break statement 
x = 0
while x < 10:
  x += 1
  if x == 5:
    break
  print(x)

Output:

1 
2 
3 
4
continue statement 
x = 0
while x < 10:
  x += 1
  if x == 3:
    continue
  if x == 5:
    continue
  print(x)

Output:

1
2
4
6
7
8
9
10

 

Python File Operations

open function modes
  • “r”    To read the file.
  • “a”    To append to the end of the file.
  • “w”   To  write to the file.
  • “x”    To create the file.
content of filexyz.txt Weak people revenge.
Strong people forgive.
Intelligent people ignore.
file read and print 
x = open("filexyz.txt", "r")
print(x.read())

Output:

Weak people revenge.
Strong people forgive.
Intelligent people ignore.
file write 
x = open("fileabc.txt", "w")
x.write("Good things take time.")
x.close()
Good things take time.
file append 
x = open("fileabc.txt", "a")
x.write("Nice!")
x.close()

x = open("fileabc.txt", "r")
print(x.read())

Output:

Good things take time.Nice!
file create 
a = open("Ourfile.txt", "x")
file remove 
import os
os.remove(“myfile.txt”)

Pyhton Modules

Python modules https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html
extention .py
using a module 
import math
using part of a module 
from math import sqrt
print(sqrt(25))
creating a module 
def square(x):
  print(x*x)

 def hello(x):
  print("Hello ",x)

record this file as “ourmodule.py“.

import ourmodule
ourmodule.square(5)
ourmodule.hello("Gokhan")

Output:

25
Hello Gokhan
module alias 
import ourmodule as our
listing module functions 
import math
print(dir(math))

Output:

['__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', ...

Python PIP Install

checking PIP version 
C:\Users\ipcisco>pip --version
installing PIP 
C:\Users\ipcisco>pip install xyz
listing installed packages 
C:\Users\ipcisco>pip list
unistall a package (xyz) 
C:\Users\ipcisco>pip uninstall xyz
using a package (xyz) 
import xyz

Python Math

math operators + (addition)

– (subtraction)

* (multiplication)

/ (divide)

% (difference)

** (power)
math operations 
a = 16
b = 8
c = 3
print(a - b + c)

Output:

11
finding odd number 
a = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
for x in a:
   if x%2==0:
      print(x)

Output:

2
4
6
min, max functions 
a = min(7,15,2)
b = max(8,28,12)
print(a)
print(b)

Output:

2
28
pow function 
a = 2
b = 5
print(pow (a,b))

Output:

32
sqrt function 
import math
x = math.sqrt(100)
print(x)

Output:

10.0
factorial function 
import math
x=math.factorial(5)
print(x)

Output:

120
ceil/floor functions 
import math
x = math.ceil(1.7)
print(x)

Output:

2
pi function 
import math
x = math.pi
print(x)

Output:

3.141592653589793

Escape Characters

\b Backspace
\r  Carriage Return
\f  Form Feed
\xhh Hex value
\n New Line
\ooo Octal value
\’  Single Quote
\t Tab
\\ Backslash

Arithmetic Operators

+ Addition
–  Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus
** Exponentiation
//  Floor division

Bitwise Operators

& AND (Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1)
| OR (Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1)
^ XOR ( Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1)
~ NOT (Inverts all the bits)
<< Zero fill left shift (Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off)
>> Signed right shift (Shift right by pushing copies of the left most bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off)

Python Comments

using # 
print("Hello!")                 #This is print function
a= 5*5                          #This is a calculation
print(a)                        #This is print function

Outout:

Hello!
25
using “”” 
"""
This is only a comment!
"""
print("Hello!")

Output:

Hello!

User Input

user input 
user = input("What is Your Username:")
pwd = input("What is Your Password:")
print("Username is: " + user)
print("Password is: " + pwd)

Output:

Username is: IPCisco
Password is: xyz
user input and  

calculation

 
number = input("Please Enter A Number:")
number=int(number)
Square = number * number
print("The square of number:{}".format(Square))

Output:

Please Enter A Number: 5
The square of number:25

Python Strings

python string 
"Hello"
string length 
message = "hello,how are you?"
print(len(message))

Output:

18
using format 
number1 = 2
number2 = 1
message = "I have {} cats and {} dog."
print(message.format(number1, number2))

Output:

I have 2 cats and 1 dog.
string  split 
message = 'life is good'
print(message.split())

Output:

['life', 'is', 'good']
string replace 
msg = "I have two dogs, two cats."
newmsg = msg.replace("three", "two")
print(newmsg)

Output:

I have three dogs, three cats.
string contains 
msg = "Istanbul is in Turkey."
print(msg.find("Turkey"))

Output:

15
string find 
msg = "I like cats."
print(msg.find("cats"))

Output:

7
string slice 
x = "Hello World!"
print(x[2])

Output:

l
string slice 
x = "Hello World!"
print(x[3:5])

Output:

lo
concatenation 
print ("Hello" + "Python" + "World")

Output:

HelloPythonWorld
capitalize 
msg = "welcome to python course!"
x = msg.capitalize()
print (x)

Output:

Welcome to python course!
title 
msg = "welcome to python course!"
x = msg.title()
print (x)

Output:

Welcome To Python Course!
lower 
msg = "weLcoMe to PytHon CouRse!"
x = msg.lower()
print (x)

Output:

welcome to python course!
upper 
msg = "weLcoMe to PytHon CouRse!"
x = msg.upper()
print (x)

Output:

WELCOME TO PYTHON COURSE!
count 
msg = "I like cats. Because cats are cute."
x = msg.count("cats")
print(x)

Output:

2
join 
characters = ["Aragorn", "Arwen", "Legolas"]
print ("-".join(characters))

Output:

Aragorn-Arwen-Legolas
partition 
msg = "welcome to python course"
x = msg.partition("to")
print(x)

Output:

('welcome ', 'to', ' python course')
endswith 
msg = "weLcoMe to PytHon CouRse!"
x = msg.endswith("!")

Output:

True

Python Dictionaries

python dictionary 
character ={ 
			"race": "wizard", 
            "name": "Gandalf", 
            "color": ["grey", "white"] 
            }
dictionary length 
character ={
	"race":"wizard",
	"name":"Gandalf",
	"color":["grey", "white"]
}
print(len(character))

Output:

3
access item 
character ={
	"race":"wizard",
	"name":"Gandalf",
	"color":"grey",
}
print(character["name"])

Output:

Gandalf
access item (with get) 
device ={
	"vendor": "Cisco",
	"model": "9000",
	"RU": 44
}
print(device.get("model"))

Output:

9000
adding items 
device ={
	"brand": "Cisco",
    "model": "9000",
    "RU": 44
}
device["software"] = "Cisco IOS XE"
print(device)

Output:

{'brand': 'Cisco', 'model': '9000', 
'RU': 44, 'software': 'Cisco IOS XE'}
changing value 
device ={
	"brand": "Cisco",
    "model": "9000",
	"RU": 44
}
device["RU"] = 30
print(device)

Output:

{'brand': 'Cisco', 'model': '9000', 'RU': 30}
changing value (with update) 
device ={
	"brand": "Cisco",
    "model": "9000",
    "RU": 44
}
device.update({"RU": 30})
print(device)

Output:

{'brand': 'Cisco', 'model': '9000', 'RU': 30}
removing an item 
device ={
	"vendor": "Cisco",
    "model": "9000",
    "RU": 44
}
device.pop("model")
print(device)

Output:

{'vendor': 'Cisco', 'RU': 44}
removing last item 
device ={
	"vendor": "Nokia",
    "model": "7950 XRS",
    "RU": 39
}
device.popitem()
print(device)

Output:

{'vendor': 'Nokia', 'model': '7950 XRS'}
concatenation 
print ("Hello" + "Python" + "World")

Output:

HelloPythonWorld
capitalize 
msg = "welcome to python course!"
x = msg.capitalize()
print (x)

Output:

Welcome to python course!
title 
msg = "welcome to python course!"
x = msg.title()
print (x)

Output:

Welcome To Python Course!
lower 
msg = "weLcoMe to PytHon CouRse!"
x = msg.lower()
print (x)

Output:

welcome to python course!
upper 
msg = "weLcoMe to PytHon CouRse!"
x = msg.upper()
print (x)

Output:

WELCOME TO PYTHON COURSE!
count 
msg = "I like cats. Because cats are cute."
x = msg.count("cats")
print(x)

Output:

2
join 
characters = ["Aragorn", "Arwen", "Legolas"]
print ("-".join(characters))

Output:

Aragorn-Arwen-Legolas
partition 
msg = "welcome to python course"
x = msg.partition("to")
print(x)

Output:

('welcome ', 'to', ' python course')
endswith 
msg = "weLcoMe to PytHon CouRse!"
x = msg.endswith("!")

Output:

True

Python For Loops

python for loop for value in sequence

   body (any action)
for loop with lists 
numbers = [1, 2, 3]
for x in numbers:
   print(x*x)

Output:

1
4
9
for loop with strings 
for x in "Kate":
   print(x)

Output:

K
a
t
e
for loop with if/else 
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
even = []
odd = []
for x in numbers:
	if (x % 2 == 0):
		even.append(x)
	else:
		odd.append(x)
print("Even numbers:", even)
print("Odd numbers:", odd)

Output:

Even numbers: [2, 4, 6, 8]
Odd numbers: [1, 3, 5, 7]
break statement 
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
for x in numbers:
	if (x == 5):
		break
	print(x*x)

Output:

1
4
9
16
continue statement 
numbers = [1, 4, 5, 6, 7]
for x in numbers:
	if (x == 5):
		continue
	if (x == 7):
		continue
	print(x*x)

Output:

1
16
36
nested for loops 
cars= ["Audi", "Aston Martin"]
colors = ["White", "Black"]
for x in cars:
	for y in colors:
		print(x, y)

Output:

Audi White
Audi Black
Aston Martin White
Aston Martin Black

Python Functions

creating function 
def first_function():
	print("This is Python!")
calling function 
def first_function():
	print("This is Python Function!")
first_function()

Output:

"This is Python Function!
 

function with numbers

 
def our_function(x,y):
	print(x * y)

our_function(3,10)
our_function(5,11)

Output:

30
55
function with strings 
def data(name,surname,no):
 print("Name:", name, "Surname:",surname,"No:",no)

data("Gokhan","Kosem",1234)

Output: 

Name: Gokhan Surname: Kosem No: 1234
default value 
def newfunc(name = "Legolas"):
	print(name + " is an Elf." )

newfunc("Elrond")
newfunc("Galadriel")
newfunc()

Output:

Elrond is an Elf.
Galadriel is an Elf.
Legolas is an Elf.
using asterisk (*) 
def new_func(*elves):
	print("The strongest Elf is " + elves[1])
new_func("Elrond", "Galadriel", "Legolas")

Output:

The strongest Elf is Galadriel
using asterisk (*) 
def letsadd(*args):
    return sum(args)
print(letsadd(15,25,50))

Output:

90
return statement 
def newfunction(a):
  return a * a
print(newfunction(5))

Output:

25
pass statement 
def newfunc():
  pass

Used to get no error in empty function.
recursive function 
def findfactorial(a):
    if a == 1:
        return 1
    else:
        return (a * findfactorial(a-1))
print(findfactorial(5))

Output:

120
lambda function 
x = lambda y: y * 2
print(x(3))

Output:

6
lambda with filter func. 
list1 = [7,12,4,15,3,2,8]
list2 = list(filter(lambda x: (x%2 == 0) , list1))
print(list2)

Output:

[12, 4, 2, 8]
lambda with map func. 
list1 = [7,12,4,15]
list2 = list(map(lambda x: (x > 5) , list1))
print(list2)

Output:

[True, True, False, True]
try/except function 
try:
  x=5
  print(x)
except:
  print("An Error!")

Output:

5
try/except function 
try:
  print(a)
except:
  print("An Error!")

Output:

An Error!
try/except/finally 
try:
  print(a)
except:
  print("An Error!")
finally:
  print("I will close the program.")

Output:

An Error!
I will close the program.
try/except/else 
try:
  a=5
  print(a)
except:
  print("An Error!")
else:
  print("All is Good!")

Output:

5
All is Good!
raise function 
for x in range(10):
               if x > 5:
                raise Exception("Higher 5!")

Output:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./prog.py", line 3, in <module>
Exception: Higher 5!

Comparison Characters

== Equal
!= Not Equal
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to

Assignment Operators

= Asign (x = 1)
+=  Add AND  (x += 2) (x=x+2)
-= Subtract AND (x -= 2) (x=x-2)
*= Multiply AND (x *= 2) (x=x*2)
/= Divide AND (x /= 2) (x=x/2)
%= Modulus AND (x %= 3) (x = x % 3)
//= Divide Floor AND (x //= 3) (x = x // 3)
**= Exponent AND (x **= 3) (x = x ** 3)
&= Bitwise AND (x &= 4) (x = x & 4)
|= Bitwise OR (x |= 4) (x = x | 4)
^= Bitwise xOR (x ^= 4) (x = x ^ 4)
>>= Bitwise Right Shift (x >>= 5) (x = x >> 5)
<<=  Bitwise Left Shift (x <<= 5) (x = x << 5)

Other Operators

and returns True, if both statements are true.
or returns True, if one of the statements is true.
not reverse the result, returns False if the result is true.
is checks that if both objects are the same object. If yes, it returns True.
is not checks that if both objects are different objects. If yes, it returns True.
in returns True, if it finds the value as a member in the sequence.
not in returns True, if it do not find the value as a members in the sequence.

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Python Cheat Sheet For Beginners

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Python Cheat Sheet Pdf

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When you download Python Cheat Sheet Pdf, you can use it to remember any Python code. This can be any Python code. Maybe you do not remember, Python list, dictionary, ranges etc. Maybe you remember the codes but you forgot the usage. Whichever it is, you can find on this page and with this page, you will not struggle on internet to find any Python code.

 

 

 

 

Python Interview Cheat Sheet

Python Cheat Sheet can be used also for your Python Job interview. Before your technical interview, you can check this sheet and you can use it as Python Interview Sheet. You can find all the basic terms of Python programming languages in this cheat sheet. So, the questions in you technical Python interview will be mostly on this Python Interview Cheat Sheet.

 

In your Python interview, maybe they will ask how to use Python tubles? Maybe they want to learn, how to get the last term in a Python list. Or maybe their question will be, how to get different types of inputs from the user.

 

Beside basic questions, in the Python Interview, they can ask complex questions about a programming code part. They can ask any specific parts of a Python program in the interview. Python Interview Cheat Sheet can remind you basic terms for this complex questions.

 

If You Like, Kindly Share

If you find this page useful for your Python works and if you like it, kindly share this page with your friends, with your colleagues, with your social media followers etc. Whoever you share this knowledge, this will help us to develop better cheat sheets.

 

You can share this page in your social media accounts like facebook, linkedin, twitter etc., in related network and programming forums, in your blogs, in any of your accounts. If you share this page, this page will help another network, programming fan and it eases his/her work. So, if you would like to help others, kindly share this page.

 

Do not forget, Knowledge Increases by Sharing.

 

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